Drammen, Norway, 1966-76
Fjell
No of units/inhabitants
1516 units / 3700 inh.
Ownership
Four cooperatives own the ground and buildings. Residents own their dwellings.
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Organisation form
Owner-resident cooperatives (93 %), municipally allocated social housing (7 %).
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Urban context
Suburban.
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Overall spatial typology
32 blocks, 18 low-and-long (4 stories) and 14 high rise blocks (10-12 stories) amidst green open spaces, characterized by drastic topography.
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Functions
Appartments, school, kindergartens, playgrounds, shared squares, district house (library, assembly room, office space for locals, health centre), Pizza shop. No shopping centre or grocery store (2009).
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Citizen diversity
Three out of four have immigrant background. Largest numbers from Turkey and Pakistan, growing numbers from Eastern Europe and Africa. Significant number of elderly Norwegians.
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Official main challenges
Comparatively low levels of employment, income and education. Relatively high mobility. Bleak public image.
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Current activities
Renewal project based on participatory processes with upgrading of multiple public spaces and play grounds.
Apartment size
80 m2 + (283/19%)
54-79 m2 (900/59%)
Under 52 m2 (333/22%)
Building Types
3 round or star formed semi-high rise (12 floors)
11 lamel shaped semi-high rise (10 floors)
18 lamel shaped low rise
Farum Midtpunkt
Metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark 1970-1975
No of units/inhabitants
1580 units / 3500 residents.
Ownership
Housing Association. A few buildings to the south owned by the municipality, containing care center for elderly, a rehabilitation centre and a cultural activity centre (in former school).
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Organisation form
Non-profit rental housing including up to 25 % municipally allocated housing.
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Urban context
suburb in metropolitan region.
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Overall spatial typology
Terraced megastructure with 24 3-storey blocks and 3 4-storey blocks on top of car deck.
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Functions
Apartments, kinder garden, bars, clubs, assembly rooms, municipal care center for elderly, senior co-housing, corner shop, parks and gardens,
outdoor squares, playgrounds, and other communal spaces.
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Citizen diversity
High. Residents with many cultural and language backgrounds. A large variety of income groups, agegroups, small and large households etc.
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Official main challenges
Negative public image, crime/safety, vandalism, decay, segregation.
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Current initiatives
Recent social and physical projects with a high degree of resident participation.
Apartment size
Type A and D/130 Sqm/ 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms
Type B and Type C/55 Sqm/ 1 bed-and-living-room, 1 bath
Type E and F/129 Sqm/ 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms
Type EV/ 70 Sqm/1 bedroom, 1 bathroom
Type G/98 Sqm/2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom
Type Qth and Qtv/ 80,5 Sqm/ 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom
Type T/ 81 Sqm/2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom
Type E3/ 99 Sqm/2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom
Type E1R2/ 61 Sqm/1 bedroom, 1 bathroom
Type ‘Dobbeldekker 1.3’/99 Sqm/2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom
Type E1R3 ‘Dobbeldekker 2,2’/ 73 Sqm/2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom
Type E2 ‘Dobbeldekker 2,3/87 Sqm/ 1 bedroom, 1 bathroom
Type ‘Dobbeldekker’3,1/ 87 Sqm/1 bedroom, 1 bathroom
Type E1R4/85 Sqm/2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom
Type ‘dobbeldekker 3,3/ 87 Sqm/ 1 bedroom, 1 bathroom
Telli
Aarau, Switzerland, 1971-1991
No of units/inhabitants
1258 units / 2360 inhabitants.
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Ownership
Mixed ownership: institutional owners, private homeowners; municipal rental housing.
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Organisation form
Rental housing (institutional, municipal, cooperative) and private-owned condominium.
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Urban context
Outskirts of a small town.
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Overall spatial typology
4 extended blocks megastructure with generous green outdoor spaces.
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Functions
Apartments; sports and shopping centre, restaurant, community centre; school, kindergarden, bank, petting zoo, youngs people’s leisure club, small shops.
Citizen diversity
High. 28% of inhabitants with foreign nationality (city average: 20%), various income groups.
Official main challenges
High amount of foreign language children in school; negative public image and complex ownership structure (complicates renovations of public spaces).
Apartment size
1.5–5.5 bedroom apartments )
Building types
4 residential high rise blocks (8-19 storeys)
1 high rise tower with shopping center and offices (27 storeys)
Surfaces
Total area surface: 150,000 sqm Overbuilt area: 13,300 sqm Open spaces: 136,700 sqm Gross floor area: 128,850 sqm
Bern, Switzerland,1958-1966
Tscharnergut
No of units/inhabitants
1208 units / 2563 inhabitants.
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Ownership
Mixed ownership: institutional, private, pension fund; cooperative housing; municipal housing.
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Organisation form
Rental housing (cooperative, institutional), privately owned single-family houses and municipal/ municipally allocated housing.
Urban context
Urban neighborhood with various postwar high-rises.
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Overall spatial typology
5 high rises, 8 blocks, 3 multifamily complexes, 2 rowhouse complexes.
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Functions
Apartments; community centre; shopping infrastructure; gym; school, kindergarden, restaurant, library, petting zoo, daycare, children’s leisure club.
Citizen diversity
High; large share of persons aged 65 and over and of persons with migration background.
Official main challenges
Negative public image; Renovation process of the built structure; conflict of securing low rents / social structure of residents and renovation (cost intensive) ; conflicting ideas of heritage (e.g. possibility of changing the mix of flats in order to attract more families).
Apartment size
20 x 1.5 bedroom apartments 33 x 2 bedroom apartments
31 x 2.5 bedroom apartments 830 x 3.5 bedroom apartments 72 x 4 bedroom apartments 162 x 4.5 bedroom apartments 60 x 5.5 bedroom apartments
Buildig Types
5 residential high rise blocks (20 storeys) 7 residential blocks (8 storeys)
3 residential blocks (4 storeys)
2 rows of single-family-houses (2 storeys)
Surfaces
Total area surface: 180,000 sqm Overbuilt area: 25,460 sqm Open spaces: 154,540 sqm Gross floor area: 121,139 sqm
Naples, Italy, 1985-1987
Lotto O
No of units/inhabitants
1084 units / 4000 inhabitants.
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Ownership
City of Napoli.
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Organisation form
State-subsidized rental housing.
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Urban context
Part of post-earthquake consolidated periphery.
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Overall spatial typology
Apartment blocks.
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Functions
Apartments; parking lots; school (kindergarden, elementary and primary); open spaces; church with small sports facility and playground; healthcare facility for drug addiction; few shops; storage rooms; abandoned/incomplete public buildings.
Citizen diversity
Italians and a low number of immigrants. Local low-income groups.
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Official main challenges
Poverty, unemployment, crime, squatting, social and spatial segregation.
Apartment size
Type A / 45 sqm / 1 bedroom, 1 bathroom
Type B / 65/70 sqm / 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom Type C / 75/85 sqm / 2 bedrooms, 1,5 bathrooms Type D / 85/90 sqm / 3 bedrooms, 1,5 bathrooms Type E / 110/115 sqm / 4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms
Building Types
Building P1-P2: condominium; industrialized technological system with structural concrete walls
Building P3: condominium, industrialized technological system with concrete beams and pillars
Building L1-L2-L3-L4-L5: condominium, industrialized technological system with structural concrete walls
Surfaces
Total area surface: 145,000 sqm Overbuilt area: 37,000 sqm Open spaces: 108,000 sqm Gross floor area: 97,000 sqm
